Obtain YouTube movies as MP3 – a improbable solution to remodel your favourite video content material into high-quality audio. Think about having your favourite music or podcasts obtainable offline, or creating your personal personalised playlists on the go. This information delves into the method, exploring numerous strategies, instruments, and essential issues, from easy conversions to superior methods. It is a journey into the world of digital audio, full of sensible info and useful insights that will help you obtain the right audio expertise.
This complete information explores the method of downloading YouTube movies as MP3 recordsdata, masking every part from the fundamentals to superior methods. We’ll have a look at totally different strategies, the instruments you should use, and necessary authorized and moral issues. Uncover the benefit and comfort of having fun with your favourite YouTube content material, anytime, anyplace.
Introduction to Downloading YouTube Movies as MP3
Turning YouTube movies into audio recordsdata is a well-liked pastime, and for good motive. It is a easy course of that unlocks a wealth of potentialities for audio lovers. From creating personalised exercise playlists to having fun with podcasts on the go, changing video to audio opens up new avenues for listening enjoyment.The method basically includes extracting the audio observe from the video file.
Specialised instruments and web sites deal with this conversion, usually utilizing refined algorithms to make sure high-quality audio output. The motivations behind this apply are various, starting from the comfort of offline listening to the creation of curated audio experiences, permitting you to get pleasure from your favourite content material anytime, anyplace.
Completely different Audio Codecs
Understanding the totally different codecs obtainable is essential for choosing the best choice to your wants. MP3 is a typical and extensively supported format, providing steadiness of audio high quality and file measurement. Different codecs, like WAV or FLAC, present larger high quality however bigger file sizes. Contemplate the trade-offs between high quality and space for storing when making your selection.
Every format has its professionals and cons, and selecting the best one relies on your priorities.
Strategies for Changing YouTube Movies to MP3
Quite a lot of strategies exist for changing YouTube movies to MP3 recordsdata. Every technique comes with its personal set of benefits and drawbacks. Evaluating these strategies permits for a extra knowledgeable choice.
Technique | Professionals | Cons | Instruments/Web sites |
---|---|---|---|
Utilizing devoted on-line converters | Straightforward to make use of, usually free, available | Could have limitations on file measurement, high quality, or velocity, potential safety dangers if utilizing an untrusted web site. | YTMP3, Convert2MP3, Zamzar |
Using devoted software program | Normally presents extra management over settings, larger flexibility for superior customers, typically superior audio high quality. | Requires set up and probably studying a brand new software program interface, usually includes a value. | 4K Video Downloader, Audacity (with applicable YouTube-download extensions), VLC Media Participant |
Using browser extensions | Streamlined course of, usually built-in instantly into the shopping expertise, often easy and handy | Could not supply as a lot management over the conversion course of, some extensions won’t be dependable, or could not supply the best high quality. | Numerous browser extensions obtainable, usually from the browser’s extension retailer |
Strategies for Downloading YouTube Movies as MP3
Unleashing the audio treasures of YouTube is now simpler than ever. This exploration delves into a number of environment friendly strategies for extracting the sonic gems out of your favourite video content material, reworking them into high-quality MP3 recordsdata for handy listening. Every technique presents distinct benefits and downsides, catering to varied consumer preferences and technical proclivities.
Widespread Conversion Strategies
Completely different approaches exist for reworking YouTube video content material into its audio counterpart. The effectiveness of every technique hinges on a number of elements, together with the consumer’s technical experience and the specified end result.
- Utilizing On-line Converters: Many user-friendly on-line instruments present a seamless solution to convert YouTube movies to MP3. These platforms usually supply a easy interface the place you’ll be able to paste the YouTube video URL and provoke the conversion course of. The method is often easy, requiring no set up of further software program. These instruments are usually free to make use of, however limitations like file measurement and conversion velocity could apply.
- Using Devoted Software program: Specialised software program packages, usually downloadable and put in in your laptop, can be found for complete video conversion duties. These packages regularly present extra superior options, together with batch processing for a number of recordsdata and customizable output settings. The training curve is likely to be steeper than with on-line converters, however the flexibility and management they provide may be invaluable.
- Leveraging Browser Extensions: Some net browsers have extensions that facilitate the conversion course of instantly inside the browser. These extensions usually combine with the YouTube platform, enabling you to obtain audio recordsdata with out navigating away from the webpage. This streamlined technique sometimes includes just a few clicks to realize the specified output. Extensions are sometimes free, however they may include limitations.
Detailed Procedures for Every Technique
The execution of every technique follows a definite set of steps. The complexity of those steps relies on the chosen strategy.
- On-line Converters: Usually, you paste the YouTube URL into the converter’s designated area, select the specified output format (MP3), and provoke the conversion. That is usually a one-step course of that takes just a few seconds to minutes, relying on the video’s size and the converter’s capability.
- Devoted Software program: Downloading and putting in the software program is step one. Subsequently, you’d use this system’s interface to find the YouTube video URL. Many of those purposes have user-friendly interfaces, guiding you thru the conversion course of step-by-step. The process could contain choosing the video’s audio observe and specifying the output file format and vacation spot.
- Browser Extensions: The strategy includes putting in the related browser extension. Then, on the YouTube video web page, you find the extension’s icon and click on it to set off the obtain course of. The extension will sometimes information you thru any required choices to specify the output settings. It is a very user-friendly course of.
Comparability of Strategies
This desk supplies a succinct comparability of the benefits and drawbacks of every strategy.
Technique | Professionals | Cons |
---|---|---|
On-line Converters | Ease of use, no software program set up, usually free | Potential limitations on file measurement, conversion velocity, and audio high quality |
Devoted Software program | Superior options, batch processing, customization choices, usually larger audio high quality | Software program set up required, studying curve is likely to be steeper |
Browser Extensions | Streamlined course of, no want to go away the YouTube web page, usually free | Restricted customization, potential compatibility points with sure browsers or extensions |
Instruments and Web sites for Conversion
Discovering the right device for changing YouTube movies to MP3 recordsdata is like looking for a needle in a digital haystack. There are a lot of choices, every with its personal set of professionals and cons. Realizing the best instruments can prevent effort and time, guaranteeing you get pleasure from your audio downloads with none problem.Selecting the best platform is essential for a seamless expertise.
Components like ease of use, reliability, and safety should be thought of. The authorized implications of utilizing these instruments must also be fastidiously evaluated, guaranteeing you are working inside the bounds of the legislation. Understanding the options and functionalities of various platforms permits you to make an knowledgeable choice, choosing the device that aligns together with your wants.
Standard Instruments and Web sites
Numerous instruments and web sites are devoted to downloading YouTube movies as MP3 recordsdata. These instruments usually present user-friendly interfaces and supply a variety of options. Selecting the best choice usually relies on your particular wants and preferences.
- Browser Extensions: These extensions combine instantly into your net browser, simplifying the conversion course of. They often work by figuring out the YouTube video’s URL and initiating the obtain. A notable benefit is their accessibility, as they do not require further software program set up.
- Devoted Software program: Specialised software program usually presents extra superior functionalities past easy conversion. These packages may embody options like batch processing, customizable settings, and integration with different media administration instruments. Their consumer interface is likely to be extra complicated however can supply extra management.
- On-line Converters: These web sites supply a handy solution to convert YouTube movies while not having any downloads or installations. They usually deal with your complete course of from figuring out the URL to delivering the MP3 file. Their user-friendly interface makes them accessible to a variety of customers.
Safety and Authorized Implications
Understanding the safety and authorized features of utilizing these instruments is significant. Make sure you’re utilizing respected platforms and respecting copyright legal guidelines. Some platforms might need limitations on the variety of downloads or require a premium subscription.
- Copyright Points: Downloading copyrighted materials with out permission is illegitimate. Be conscious of the phrases of service and copyright insurance policies when utilizing any device. Respecting copyright is paramount.
- Safety Dangers: Some instruments may comprise malicious software program or acquire private knowledge. All the time obtain from trusted sources and be cautious about unknown websites.
- Phrases of Service: Evaluation the phrases of service earlier than utilizing any device or web site. Perceive the constraints and potential penalties for violating these phrases.
Comparability of Options and Functionalities
Evaluating numerous instruments permits you to make an knowledgeable selection. The best device relies on the steadiness of options and ease of use. Components like velocity, audio high quality, and consumer interface are essential to contemplate.
Software | Options | Professionals | Cons |
---|---|---|---|
YouTube-MP3 Converter | Easy interface, quick conversion | Straightforward to make use of, fast outcomes | Restricted customization |
DownloadHelper | Batch obtain, customizable settings | Environment friendly for a number of downloads, management over settings | Steeper studying curve |
Authorized and Moral Concerns

Downloading YouTube movies as MP3s generally is a handy shortcut, nevertheless it’s essential to know the authorized and moral implications. Navigating the world of copyright and honest use is vital to having fun with the music and audio with out inflicting hassle. The digital panorama, whereas providing ease of entry, necessitates consciousness of the foundations governing mental property.The convenience of entry to on-line content material, together with YouTube movies, usually overshadows the complicated authorized framework surrounding it.
It is important to be conscious of the rights of creators and the potential authorized penalties of unauthorized downloads. This part will aid you perceive the intricacies of copyright, honest use, and the phrases of service of conversion instruments, guaranteeing you utilize on-line sources responsibly.
Potential Authorized Points
Copyright legislation protects the artistic works of artists, musicians, and video producers. Downloading copyrighted materials with out permission is a violation of this legislation, and penalties can vary from small fines to vital authorized motion. This is applicable to downloading any content material, together with audio tracks, even when it appears insignificant. As an illustration, if a video consists of music licensed underneath particular phrases, downloading the audio portion with out permission can nonetheless represent infringement.
Moral Implications of Utilizing Conversion Companies
Utilizing providers to obtain copyrighted materials raises moral considerations. It is necessary to contemplate the influence on creators’ livelihoods. Music and video creators depend on income from their work to maintain themselves and their careers. Unauthorized downloading deprives them of the monetary rewards they deserve for his or her artistic efforts. Respect for the creators’ rights is paramount in navigating the digital world.
Licenses and Phrases of Service
Conversion instruments, web sites, and providers usually have phrases of service that specify permissible makes use of of their platforms. Fastidiously reviewing these phrases is essential earlier than utilizing any device. The phrases Artikel the boundaries of permissible actions and clearly point out the scope of the licenses granted. These phrases usually dictate whether or not or not the downloading of copyrighted content material is allowed.
Understanding these phrases is crucial to keep away from potential authorized conflicts.
Respecting Copyright
Respecting copyright is crucial for sustaining a thriving and moral digital surroundings. This includes acknowledging the rights of creators and recognizing the worth of their work. Copyright protects the unique expression of an creator’s artistic concepts and protects the creator’s rights. This ensures creators are appropriately compensated for his or her work.
Truthful Use Rules
Truthful use is a authorized doctrine that permits restricted use of copyrighted materials with out permission. It is not a license to freely obtain and use copyrighted materials; moderately, it supplies a framework for particular circumstances. Components like the aim and character of the use, the character of the copyrighted work, the quantity and substantiality of the portion used, and the impact of the use on the potential marketplace for or worth of the copyrighted work are thought of in figuring out honest use.
It is not a assure of legality and must be approached with warning. For instance, utilizing a small snippet of a track in a video overview is likely to be thought of honest use, however downloading a whole track for private use with out permission is probably going not.
Technical Facets of Conversion
Diving into the digital realm of audio extraction, we encounter a captivating course of—changing video to audio. This transformation, whereas seemingly easy, includes intricate technicalities that considerably influence the ultimate product’s high quality. Understanding these nuances empowers customers to make knowledgeable selections, guaranteeing a satisfying listening expertise.The conversion course of, at its core, includes separating the audio stream from the video stream.
Subtle algorithms, usually hidden behind user-friendly interfaces, deal with this intricate activity. Trendy instruments make use of superior sign processing methods to realize near-lossless extraction, sustaining the constancy of the unique audio.
Audio Codecs and Their Affect
Completely different audio codecs, like MP3, AAC, and WAV, have an effect on the audio high quality. The selection of codec instantly influences the file measurement and the ensuing sound high quality. A vital consideration when changing is the compression stage.
- MP3, a extensively used format, achieves vital compression on the expense of some audio element. This makes it superb for storage and sharing however could lead to a barely much less pristine sound in comparison with different codecs.
- AAC, a extra superior codec, sometimes supplies a greater steadiness between compression and high quality, usually retaining extra of the unique audio’s traits than MP3. It leads to smaller recordsdata than WAV whereas sustaining good audio high quality.
- WAV, a lossless format, maintains the whole thing of the unique audio knowledge. Consequently, it yields the best doable high quality but in addition produces the biggest file measurement.
High quality Comparability of Conversion Strategies
Quite a few on-line converters and devoted software program packages supply various ranges of audio high quality. The conversion course of is delicate to elements like processing energy, algorithm effectivity, and codec selection. Completely different platforms and instruments have distinctive strengths.
- Excessive-quality converters usually make the most of superior sign processing algorithms to reduce knowledge loss throughout the conversion. This interprets to a clearer, extra detailed audio output, with fewer artifacts like distortion or background noise.
- Free on-line converters, whereas handy, may make use of much less refined strategies. This might lead to minor distortions or diminished readability, though the distinction is commonly negligible for informal listening.
Sustaining Audio High quality Throughout Conversion
Sustaining the unique audio high quality throughout conversion is paramount. This includes selecting applicable codecs and settings that decrease loss.
Cautious choice of audio codecs is crucial to preserving audio constancy.
- Excessive-quality converters usually present settings to regulate the bit fee, pattern fee, and channel configuration, permitting customers to fine-tune the output high quality in response to their preferences.
- Experimenting with totally different settings will help customers decide the optimum steadiness between file measurement and audio high quality.
Examples of Audio High quality Settings
Numerous settings exist for adjusting audio high quality throughout conversion. These parameters influence the ultimate product’s constancy. Examples embody:
Setting | Description | Affect on High quality |
---|---|---|
Bit Charge | Measures the quantity of knowledge used per second. | Greater bit charges usually lead to larger high quality, however bigger file sizes. |
Pattern Charge | Signifies the variety of audio samples taken per second. | Greater pattern charges seize extra particulars, resulting in a extra nuanced audio expertise. |
Channel Configuration | Specifies whether or not the audio is mono, stereo, or encompass. | Stereo usually presents a richer, extra immersive expertise. |
Troubleshooting Widespread Points
Navigating the digital panorama of YouTube video conversion can typically really feel like venturing right into a labyrinth. However concern not, intrepid downloader! This part shines a lightweight on essentially the most frequent roadblocks you may encounter, equipping you with the data to beat them with ease. Slightly understanding goes a great distance in mastering this course of.Widespread issues usually stem from compatibility points, community hiccups, or just a misunderstanding of the instruments at hand.
With the best instruments and methods, these hurdles develop into minor obstacles, simply overcome.
Community Connectivity Points
Community issues are a typical supply of frustration throughout video conversion. Gradual or unstable web connections can result in interrupted downloads, leading to incomplete or corrupted recordsdata. Inaccurate timing also can trigger issues with some conversion instruments.
- Verify your web connection’s stability. In case your connection is unstable, attempt restarting your router or modem. A secure connection is essential for seamless conversions.
- Think about using a quicker web connection. In case your present connection is simply too sluggish, upgrading to a quicker plan or utilizing a extra dependable Wi-Fi community can considerably enhance the obtain and conversion course of.
- Optimize your community surroundings. Restrict different gadgets utilizing the identical community throughout the conversion course of. Decreasing the community load will help enhance obtain speeds and stop interruptions.
File Format Compatibility
The video file format, or the format of the YouTube video itself, is usually the supply of errors. The chosen device won’t assist all codecs, or the video is likely to be too giant for the chosen converter. That is necessary to know earlier than you start.
- Confirm the compatibility of the chosen device. Fastidiously overview the supported codecs earlier than initiating the conversion course of. This prevents wasted effort and time.
- Think about using a unique converter. Completely different converters assist totally different codecs. In case your chosen converter fails, attempt another. This can be a precious device in your conversion arsenal.
- Compress the video file. If the video file is simply too giant, compressing it might usually make the conversion course of a lot smoother. This may enhance obtain speeds and conversion instances.
Software-Particular Errors
Generally, the difficulty lies inside the chosen device itself. Technical glitches, bugs, or incompatibility together with your system can result in conversion issues.
- Replace your conversion device. Hold your chosen conversion software program up to date to make sure compatibility and repair any identified bugs. This is a vital step to make sure clean operation.
- Verify for software program conflicts. Different software program working within the background may intervene with the conversion course of. Closing pointless purposes will help optimize system sources and enhance conversion effectivity.
- Evaluation the device’s documentation. Seek the advice of the device’s assist part or on-line documentation for troubleshooting steps particular to the conversion software program you’re utilizing. This can be a helpful useful resource for widespread issues.
Troubleshooting Desk
Concern | Potential Trigger | Answer |
---|---|---|
Conversion fails | Incompatible file format or device | Choose a suitable format, use a unique converter |
Obtain interrupted | Community instability | Verify community connection, restart router/modem, cut back community load |
Corrupted output file | Software error or file harm | Replace device, verify file integrity, use a unique converter |
Superior Methods and Options

Unlocking the total potential of YouTube to MP3 conversion includes extra than simply fundamental downloads. Superior methods enable for a richer expertise, providing larger management over audio high quality, customization, and even automation. Let’s dive into these highly effective potentialities.A deeper understanding of those superior methods can empower customers to tailor the conversion course of to their exact wants, creating a really personalised audio expertise.
Optimizing Audio High quality
Fantastic-tuning audio high quality is essential for a satisfying listening expertise. Completely different instruments and web sites supply numerous ranges of audio codec assist. Understanding these codecs and their influence on file measurement and high quality is vital. Lossless codecs, reminiscent of FLAC, protect the unique audio knowledge, whereas lossy codecs, like MP3, compress the information for smaller file sizes. Selecting the best codec is a crucial choice for the listener.
Customization Choices
Conversion instruments usually present choices for customizing the output. These choices could embody choosing particular audio channels, adjusting quantity ranges, and even making use of audio results. Customization choices guarantee a tailor-made expertise.
Scripting and Automation
Batch conversion of a number of YouTube movies may be considerably streamlined utilizing scripting or automation. For instance, utilizing Python scripts can routinely obtain and convert a number of movies in a single command. This automated course of is invaluable for large-scale conversions.
Completely different Codecs and Resolutions
Past MP3, discover the opportunity of changing movies into different audio codecs. Some instruments could assist codecs like WAV or FLAC, providing larger audio constancy. Moreover, conversions to totally different audio resolutions may be achieved, permitting for versatile listening selections.
Particular Software Options
Sure instruments and web sites supply distinctive options. For instance, some instruments could embody superior audio enhancing options inside the conversion course of, permitting for exact changes. Understanding these options can save effort and time.
Instance: Batch Conversion Script
Contemplate a Python script that loops by way of an inventory of YouTube video URLs. The script downloads every video, extracts the audio, and saves it as an MP3 file in a chosen folder. This script dramatically hurries up the conversion course of for a number of recordsdata. A well-designed script can considerably improve effectivity.
Options and Comparisons: Obtain Youtube Movies As Mp3
Bored with the tedious activity of downloading YouTube movies as MP3s? Concern not, fellow audio lovers! There are improbable options that supply extra comfort and sometimes, higher options. Let’s discover some compelling choices.Selecting the best technique for having fun with your favourite YouTube audio relies on your particular wants and preferences. Whether or not you prioritize comfort, audio high quality, or a selected function set, understanding the trade-offs is essential for making an knowledgeable choice.
Streaming Companies
Streaming providers like Spotify, Apple Music, YouTube Music, and others supply an unlimited library of music, together with many tracks initially from YouTube. These providers often include premium subscription fashions. This strategy eliminates the necessity for handbook downloads. A key benefit is the fixed updating of content material, guaranteeing you may have entry to the most recent releases. Nevertheless, these providers usually require a subscription charge, and the supply of YouTube-originated content material can range.
The standard of audio is commonly superior as a result of skilled mastering and encoding.
Different Audio Obtain Strategies
Various audio obtain strategies embody devoted apps and browser extensions. These usually supply extra management over the downloading course of, reminiscent of choosing particular audio tracks or chapters. The liberty to tailor the obtain to your actual wants may be very engaging. Nevertheless, these apps and extensions could have particular limitations, and their consumer interface won’t be as intuitive as devoted streaming providers.
In some instances, you may discover that the supply of YouTube content material is proscribed in these purposes.
Comparability Desk
Function | YouTube MP3 Obtain | Streaming Companies | Different Audio Obtain Strategies |
---|---|---|---|
Price | Doubtlessly free (relying on technique) | Subscription-based | Doubtlessly free (relying on technique) |
Audio High quality | Variable, relying on supply and conversion | Top quality, professionally mastered | Variable, relying on supply and technique |
Content material Availability | Restricted to YouTube | Huge library, probably together with YouTube content material | Variable, probably restricted |
Comfort | Handbook course of | Stream instantly | Handbook obtain course of |
Customization | Restricted | Restricted (often playlists) | Excessive |
Commerce-offs and Limitations
The choice to obtain YouTube movies as MP3s versus utilizing streaming providers or different audio obtain strategies includes a number of trade-offs. For instance, downloading MP3s presents flexibility, however you could handle the conversion and storage your self. Streaming providers present seamless entry however require a subscription and won’t supply all content material. Different strategies usually supply extra customization however could have limitations by way of content material availability.
The potential for decrease audio high quality can also be a consideration when downloading MP3s instantly. All the time take into account the professionals and cons of every technique earlier than making a selection.
Potential Drawbacks
Utilizing options like streaming providers usually requires paying for a subscription. This generally is a vital downside for customers on a good finances. Furthermore, content material availability on streaming providers may be restricted, particularly for area of interest genres. Different audio obtain strategies could are compatible points or limitations on the varieties of content material that may be downloaded. The audio high quality of downloaded content material might also not all the time match the unique YouTube video.
Concentrate on these limitations earlier than committing to a specific technique.
Consumer Expertise and Interface Design
Unveiling the digital landscapes the place YouTube audio downloads remodel into actuality, let’s delve into the guts of consumer expertise. The design of those instruments considerably impacts the general satisfaction and effectivity of the obtain course of. From intuitive navigation to seamless conversions, we’ll discover how consumer interfaces form the expertise.The consumer interface (UI) of a YouTube-to-MP3 converter is paramount.
A well-designed UI makes the method easy, environment friendly, and pleasing. Poor UI, conversely, can result in frustration and abandonment. We’ll discover in style instruments and web sites, dissecting their strengths and weaknesses by way of consumer expertise.
Standard Software Interfaces
The aesthetic enchantment and performance of a device’s interface can tremendously affect consumer satisfaction. A well-structured structure guides customers effortlessly by way of the obtain course of. A transparent and concise design enhances comprehension and encourages intuitive use.
- YTMP3: YTMP3 boasts a simple design, prioritizing simplicity. The interface focuses on the important components: inputting the YouTube URL and initiating the obtain. This clear focus minimizes distractions, bettering effectivity.
- MP3Juice: MP3Juice adopts a clear and fashionable aesthetic. Its consumer interface is designed to deal with a number of enter choices, making it appropriate for bulk downloads. A distinguished obtain button and progress bar guarantee transparency and management over the method.
- MP3 Obtain Helper: This device usually incorporates a streamlined strategy. A concise enter area for the YouTube URL, together with a simple obtain button, exemplifies its environment friendly design. The interface usually shows obtain progress and estimated completion time, giving customers a way of management and readability.
Evaluating Usability
Evaluating the usability of various instruments necessitates a multi-faceted strategy. Consumer-friendliness is crucial. Components like intuitive navigation, clear directions, and minimal errors all contribute to a optimistic expertise. Moreover, obtain velocity, stability, and the power to deal with various YouTube codecs additionally affect usability.
Software | Ease of Use | Obtain Velocity | Options |
---|---|---|---|
YTMP3 | Glorious | Good | Fundamental, however efficient |
MP3Juice | Very Good | Glorious | Superior choices for bulk downloads |
MP3 Obtain Helper | Good | Good | Easy and easy |
Interface Construction Examples, Obtain youtube movies as mp3
Analyzing the construction of a device’s interface reveals insights into its design philosophy. The association of components, reminiscent of enter fields, buttons, and progress indicators, dictates the consumer’s interplay. A logical construction facilitates a clean and environment friendly expertise.
- YTMP3: Usually, the interface presents a single textual content area for pasting the YouTube URL. A big, distinguished “Obtain” button initiates the conversion. A progress bar visually shows the obtain standing.
- MP3Juice: A extra refined design may embody a number of enter fields (for various YouTube codecs) or superior choices (for various output qualities). Progress bars and obtain standing updates improve transparency and management.
- MP3 Obtain Helper: The design tends to be easy, with a give attention to readability. Inputting the URL and clicking the “Obtain” button are sometimes the core components. Suggestions mechanisms, like obtain standing messages, are often seen.